why was henry vii called the winter kinglaura ingraham show yesterday

Penn went on to show Henry VIIs wax funeral effigy, which I saw on my recent trip to London, and which shows his fine-boned features and his crooked eye, but also a face bearing the signs of stress and illness. [51], Henry VII was one of the first European monarchs to recognise the importance of the newly united Spanish kingdom; he concluded the Treaty of Medina del Campo, by which his son Arthur, Prince of Wales, was married to Catherine of Aragon. "[73] Further compounding Henry's distress, his older daughter Margaret had previously been betrothed to King James IV of Scotland and within months of her mother's death she had to be escorted to the border by her father: he would never see her again. The first rising, that of Lord Lovell, Richard IIIs chamberlain, in 1486 was ill-prepared and unimportant, but in 1487 came the much more serious revolt of Lambert Simnel. This family took a dim view of Henry and it was John de la Pole, Earl of Lincoln, who instigated the first rebellion against him. Elizabeth had died in childbirth, so Henry had the dispensation also permit him to marry Catherine himself. But Henry had a crucial asset: his queen and their children, the living embodiment of his hoped-for dynasty. [19] He marched toward England accompanied by his uncle Jasper and John de Vere, 13th Earl of Oxford. It was presented by historian Thomas Penn, author of Winter King and was an excellent examination of the King who, as Penn pointed out, tend to be eclipsed by Richard III, the glamour and notoriety of Henry VIII and the charisma of Elizabeth I. He was the only child of Lady Margaret Beaufort and Edmund Tudor, 1st Earl of Richmond. [72] Immediately afterwards, Henry became very sick and nearly died himself, allowing only his mother Margaret Beaufort near him: "privily departed to a solitary place, and would that no man should resort unto him. [37], For most of Henry VII's reign Edward Story was Bishop of Chichester. Wow, it was like being battered by facts without remission for good intentions. He cemented his claim by marrying Elizabeth of York, daughter of King Edward IV. He was the first Tudor king after defeating Richard III at the Battle of Bosworth in August 1485. In turn, Antwerp became an extremely important trade entrept (transshipment port), through which, for example, goods from the Baltic, spices from the east and Italian silks were exchanged for English cloth. He had enough of that getting himself to the throne. If you missed the programme then here is the YouTube video for you enjoy! For many he remained a usurper, a false king. Thus, Henry Tudor had no choice but to gather together an army including mercenary soldiers as well as his own supporters, and he landed in Wales in August, 1485. [32], Next, in 1487, Yorkists led by Lincoln rebelled in support of Lambert Simnel, a boy they claimed to be Edward of Warwick (who was actually a prisoner in the Tower). Possession of something the French King wanted also made the Duke of Brittany safer in his own duchy. In that, he was quite successful, but he was neither loved nor admired. Yorkist malcontents had strength in the north of England and in Ireland and had a powerful ally in Richard IIIs sister Margaret, dowager duchess of Burgundy. Next month find out more on someone known as The Winter Queen! Sometimes when reading nonfiction of this type, I never know if it is going to be dry and dull or not. Bacon wanted the future Charles I to learn from Henry's reign, but the financial methods that would provoke fatal opposition to Charles look pale beside the exactions levied by Henry from often innocent subjects, who were denied legal process or threatened with trumped-up prosecutions and had to buy their freedom (though at moments of apparently impending death the king would repent of his methods and have the jails cleared and pardons issued). This definitely was not that. Henry needed an heir to secure his reign and fortunately an heir came quickly. : (April 25, 1883. https://www.britannica.com/biography/Henry-VII-king-of-England, Spartacus Educational - Biography of Henry VII, English Monarchs - Biography of Henry VII, Henry VII - Children's Encyclopedia (Ages 8-11), Henry VII - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up). Henry IV had confirmed Richard IIs legitimation (1397) of the children of this union but had specifically excluded the Beauforts from any claim to the throne (1407). They were third cousins, as both were great-great-grandchildren of John of Gaunt. Castles of . There he found more English fugitives, willing to invade England in support of Henry, and bearing news that Richard III had serious plans to marry the princess Elizabeth himself. With the assistance of the Italian merchant banker Lodovico della Fava and the Italian banker Girolamo Frescobaldi, Henry VII became deeply involved in the trade by licensing ships, obtaining alum from the Ottoman Empire, and selling it to the Low Countries and in England. ||sitemap_index.xml BBC Two - Henry VII: The Winter King, Backdating Henry's Reign Then in 1491 appeared a still more serious menace: Perkin Warbeck, coached by Margaret to impersonate Richard, the younger son of Edward IV. Read all Directors Giulia Clark Stuart Elliott Writers Henry was the only child of Edmund Tudor , Earl of Richmond , and Margaret Beaufort . Indeed he was born in winter, on January 28th 1457, in Pembroke Castle, in Wales and that is one of the reasons why the Welsh dragon always formed part of his insignia. [40], Henry VII improved tax collection in the realm by introducing ruthlessly efficient mechanisms of taxation. (ROYAL HISTORY) Directors Stuart Elliott Genres Documentary, International Subtitles English [CC] Audio languages English. Inadvertently, he provoked a revolution. They were unpaid, which, in comparison with modern standards, meant a smaller tax bill for law enforcement. What are the differences between Henry VII and Henry VIII? [70] Henry VII falls among the minority of British monarchs that never had any known mistresses, and for the times, it is very unusual that he did not remarry: his son Henry was the only male heir left after the death of his wife, thus the death of Arthur created a precarious political position for the House of Tudor. Since we are in the middle of winter, Ive been thinking of a volume on my shelves on Henry VII, who could be called the Winter King. His history plays depicted the dramatic conflicts of the wars of the roses, which Henry's accession after his victory at Bosworth in 1485 brought to an end. Categories: Monarchy, NewsTags: birth of Tudor dynasty, Henry Tudor, Henry VII, Thomas Penn, Tudor dynasty, Winter King, Copyright 2023 The Anne Boleyn Files He had finished his palace of Richmond, he was controlling his allies and keeping an eye on his enemies, and now was the time to finalise the marriage agreement between England and Spain. [66], Henry wanted to maintain the Spanish alliance. Henry responded to this threat by embedding spies into households. In 1621 Francis Bacon's history of. [69] The wedding never took place, and the physical description Henry sent with his ambassadors of what he desired in a new wife matched the description of his wife Elizabeth. It was a fantastic programme and I highly recommend Thomas Penns book on Henry VII Winter King. February 7 Sir Francis Bryan loses an eye and Henry VIII has a new love, An interview with historical novelist Sandra Byrd, Henry VIII and His Six Wives event open for registration. At any rate, the Wars of the Roses had ended with a victory by which the winner took all, and regardless of his somewhat dubious Plantagenet ancestry. The Field of Cloth of Gold: Royal Revelry. He entertained thoughts of remarriage to renew the alliance with Spain Joanna, Dowager Queen of Naples (a niece of Queen Isabella of Castile), Queen Joanna of Castile, and Margaret, Dowager Duchess of Savoy (sister-in-law of Joanna of Castile), were all considered. Hidden under the floor in St George's Chapel in Windsor, England where thousands of people walk every day, a forgotten tomb lies. Two themes of his book preside: the permanent vulnerability of Henry's regime, and his ruthless methods of rule. Serious disputes involving the use of personal power, or threats to royal authority, were thus dealt with. 'Winter King,' a Portrait of Henry VII - The New York Times Moneywise, King Henry the VII was frugal and careful with money. After winning the throne of England, he wed Elizabeth of York, the eldest daughter of the dead Yorkist king Edward IV. His second son, also called Henry, inherited the throne and became . The rebels were defeated (June 1487) in a hard-fought battle at Stoke (East Stoke, near Newark in Nottinghamshire), where the doubtful loyalty of some of the royal troops was reminiscent of Richard IIIs difficulties at Bosworth. Accordingly, he arranged a papal dispensation from Pope Julius II for Prince Henry to marry his brother's widow Catherine, a relationship that would have otherwise precluded marriage in the Church. He was the first monarch of the House of Tudor. Henry VII, also called (145785) Henry Tudor, earl of Richmond, (born January 28, 1457, Pembroke Castle, Pembrokeshire, Walesdied April 21, 1509, Richmond, Surrey, England), king of England (14851509), who succeeded in ending the Wars of the Roses between the houses of Lancaster and York and founded the Tudor dynasty. To strengthen his position, however, he subsidised shipbuilding, so strengthening the navy (he commissioned Europe's first ever and the world's oldest surviving dry dock at Portsmouth in 1495) and improving trading opportunities. I wasn't disappointed because, as usual, he did a great job with the narration. Interesting look at the founder of the Tudor dynesty. [citation needed], During his lifetime the nobility often criticised Henry VII for re-centralizing power in London, and later the 16th-century historian Francis Bacon was ruthlessly critical of the methods by which he enforced tax law, but it is equally true that Henry VII was diligent about keeping detailed records of his personal finances, down to the last halfpenny;[71] these and one account book detailing the expenses of his queen survive in the British National Archives, as do accounts of courtiers and many of the king's own letters. In response to this threat within his own household, the King instituted more rigid security for access to his person. Henry VII: Winter King (TV Movie 2013) - IMDb Indeed he was born in winter, on January 28th 1457, in Pembroke Castle, in Wales and that is one of the reasons why the Welsh dragon always formed part of his insignia. [39] Despite this, during his reign he became a fiscally prudent monarch who restored the fortunes of an effectively bankrupt exchequer. Henry VII Facts, Information & Biography - Tudor Monarchs - English History [64] This made Henry VII's second son, Henry, Duke of York, heir apparent to the throne. Until the death of his wife, the evidence is clear from these accounting books that Henry was a more doting father and husband than was widely known and there is evidence that his outwardly austere personality belied a devotion to his family. [9] He took it, as well as the standard of St. George, on his procession through London after the victory at Bosworth. While most of us are familiar with Henry VIII and Elizabeth I and we probably have a sense of the Wars of the Roses in England, but how many of us are familiar with Henry VII. England had been ravaged for decades by conspiracy, violence, murders, coups and countercoups. His first son and heir apparent, Arthur, Prince of Wales, died suddenly at Ludlow Castle, very likely from a viral respiratory illness known at the time as the "English sweating sickness". According to John M. Currin, the treaty redefined Anglo-Breton relations. The wedding was a triumph but in April 1502 a messenger brought the King the news that his eldest son had died of sweating sickness. In other cases, he brought his over-powerful subjects to heel by decree. If you continue to use this site we will assume that you are happy with it. Henry VII ruled - as Machiavelli, just after his reign, was to advise usurpers to do - through fear rather than love. Winter King: Henry VII and the Dawn of Tudor England Elizabeth did get pregnant, but then went into premature labour. When they married in 1396 they already had four children, including Henry's great-grandfather John Beaufort. Penn explained that the marriage had been one of genuine love and that Henry was shattered by his wifes death. Happy 14th Birthday to the Anne Boleyn Files! Henry VII was succeeded by his second son, Henry VIII. The rebellion was defeated and Lincoln killed at the Battle of Stoke. Henry VII is actually a less familiar figure, despite being the same person. Both parties realised they were mutually disadvantaged by the reduction in commerce. [14] In November 1476, Francis fell ill and his principal advisers were more amenable to negotiating with King Edward. He had brought the country to the brink of dynastic ambition, but not quite, so his closest advisers kept his death secret until St Georges Day, the annual meeting of the Order of the Garter. Overall, this was a successful area of policy for Henry, both in terms of efficiency and as a method of reducing the corruption endemic within the nobility of the Middle Ages. The country was in a perpetual state of emergency and Henrys subjects were scared and resentful. Supported at one time or another by France, by Maximilian I of Austria, regent of the Netherlands (Holy Roman emperor from 1493), by James IV of Scotland, and by powerful men in both Ireland and England, Perkin three times invaded England before he was captured at Beaulieu in Hampshire in 1497. (1): (April 24, 1883. However, this treaty came at a price, as Henry mounted a minor invasion of Brittany in November 1492. King Henry the VII and King Henry the VIII both feared being invaded by foreign countries. She was a great-granddaughter of John of Gaunt, 1st Duke of Lancaster (fourth son of Edward III), and his third wife Katherine Swynford. His dynasty was hanging by a thread and all his hopes had to rest on his youngest son, Henry, and Elizabeth of York producing another son, a spare. Even if the king outfaced his enemies in his lifetime, would they not forestall a Tudor succession? A man who rewrote history and rebuilt the crown, but who was paranoid, manipulative and suspicious; a dark prince with a wintery reign. But he leaves us wondering how Henry got away with it. One interesting thing about him is his early youth and the fourteen years he spent in exile in France Brittany to be precise and those, I believe, made him the man he was eventually to become. [citation needed] Following the example of Edward IV, Henry VII created a Council of Wales and the Marches for his son Arthur, which was intended to govern Wales and the Marches, Cheshire and Cornwall. There's a (relatively) brief explanation of Henry's rather tumultuous childhood and his rise to the throne, before Penn really gets into the nitty gritty details during the second half of Henry's reign, focusing on his intricate foreign policy, his increasing use of finance as a means of control over his subjects and, most entertaining to me, the various plots and conspiracies of Henry's enemies. Gaunt's nephew Richard II legitimised Gaunt's children by Swynford by Letters Patent in 1397. In 1502 the death of his heir Arthur left the dynasty's prospects with Arthur's 10-year-old brother, Henry. Only through the deaths of more obvious claimants, and after the accession of Richard III in 1483, when Henry was 26, did he become a leading candidate. The usurpation of Richard III (1483), however, split the Yorkist party and gave Henry his opportunity. Henry was building a myth, the idea that he and his family were the true royal blood of England. 4. Henry attained the throne when his forces defeated King Richard III at the Battle of Bosworth Field, the culmination of the Wars of the Roses. Shakespeare, drawn to the colour on either side of the reign, skipped it. The marriage did not take place during his lifetime. Here was a young man who enjoyed jousting, who enjoyed chatting with the other knights in the tiltyard and with people of low degree. After his death, a commission found widespread abuses in the tax collection process. That is, suspicious, insecure and crafty but also determined, patient and fiercely proud of his Lancastrian ancestry. Sonnet XCVII - Massachusetts Institute of Technology Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. [45], Henry VII established the pound avoirdupois as a standard of weight; it later became part of the Imperial[46] and customary systems of units. The union was both symbolic and necessary. [41] Henry also increased wealth by acquiring land through the act of resumption of 1486 which had been delayed as he focused on defence of the Church, his person and his realm. About Press Copyright Contact us Creators Advertise Developers Terms Privacy Policy & Safety How YouTube works Test new features NFL Sunday Ticket Press Copyright . These laws were used shrewdly in levying fines upon those that he perceived as threats. The Lancastrian Henry and his Yorkist wife Elizabeth strove to reconcile the factions, but unreconciled Yorkists, to whom he was no more than a usurper, harassed his reign. The King was heavily guarded. Get a Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content. [56] This trade made an expensive commodity cheaper, which raised opposition from Pope Julius II, since the Tolfa mine was a part of papal territory and had given the Pope monopoly control over alum. MP3 CD. They were also in charge of various administrative duties, such as the checking of weights and measures. As his mother was only 14 when he was born and soon married again, Henry was brought up by his uncle Jasper Tudor, earl of Pembroke. Elizabeth of York was Queen consort of England as spouse of King Henry VII from 1486 until her death on February 11th, 1503. Henry restored power and stability to the English monarchy following the civil war. The Great Debasement (1544-1551) was a currency debasement policy introduced in 1544 England under the order of Henry VIII which saw the amount of precious metal in gold and silver coins reduced and in some cases replaced entirely with cheaper base metals such as copper. [67], Henry made half-hearted plans to remarry and beget more heirs, but these never came to anything. $14.97 1 Used from $14.96 3 New from $14.97. Henry VII, also called (145785) Henry Tudor, earl of Richmond, (born January 28, 1457, Pembroke Castle, Pembrokeshire, Walesdied April 21, 1509, Richmond, Surrey, England), king of England (14851509), who succeeded in ending the Wars of the Roses between the houses of Lancaster and York and founded the Tudor dynasty . Henry VII is usually treated as a charmless and thrifty prelude to the big reign of Henry VIII, with the inevitable marriage of Henry and Catherine of Aragon, and the reversal of his father's bully policies for a golden age of chivalry and, you know, all the crazy shit Henry VIII was about to do. Henry then consolidated his reign with magnificent architecture, an opulent household and money. Henry had only been accepted as King because the Princes in the Tower, the sons of Edward IV, were dead, so when Yorkist exiles groomed Perkin Warbeck to pose as one of the princes and raised an army it was a huge threat. [26] Henry married Elizabeth of York with the hope of uniting the Yorkist and Lancastrian sides of the Plantagenet dynastic disputes, and he was largely successful. When Henry VII became king, the royal exchequer was effectively bankrupt. They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors. When Henry VII called his first parliament he used it as an opportunity to legitimise his reign. Author Thomas Penn takes an extraordinary journey into the dark and chilling world of the first Tudor King, Henry VII. Henry came to the throne following the death of his father, Henry VII. His early reign was plagued by pretenders to the throne, giving the new Tudor dynasty a rocky start and a fear of conspiracy which dogged Henry VII throughout his life. Henry VII comes across as a talented micromanager and financier. 1517. His claim to the throne was tenuous and permanently contested. His spies and informers were everywhere. This book is a nonfiction look at King Henry the VII. Through luck, guile and ruthlessness, Henry VII, the first of the Tudor kings, had clambered to the top of the heap--a fugitive with a flimsy claim to England's throne. [44] Following Henry VII's death, Henry VIII executed Richard Empson and Edmund Dudley, his two most hated tax collectors, on trumped-up charges of treason. ||Wordpress installation and design by http://www.MadeGlobal.com, FREE Anne Boleyn For Henry VII, it was all about the money and stability. Why did the nobility accept the curtailment of the military power it had wielded in the wars of the roses and swallow the elevation of upstarts at Henry's court? Its inhabitant was once one of England's most exuberant kings, yet his resting place was only re-discovered in 1813. It was the end of the union of Lancaster and York and many had only accepted Henry as King because of his wifes Yorkist roots, so Henry was once more on shaky ground with his old enemies resurfacing and raising armies. [76] He was succeeded by his second son, Henry VIII (reigned 150947), who would initiate the Protestant Reformation in England. Coinage of Henry VII of England | Mintage World Thomas Penn's Winter King is not really a biography of Henry VII, and more a study of what he was directing his government to do in his name. Updates? My obsession is European history from the 12th through 17th centuries - especially British history - so of course, when I was offered the chance to review this book, my interest was piqued immediately. Backdating Henry's Reign. ), Humphrey Stafford, 1st Duke of Buckingham, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Henry_VII_of_England&oldid=1141813382, Wikipedia articles needing page number citations from September 2021, Articles incorporating a citation from the 1913 Catholic Encyclopedia with Wikisource reference, Articles incorporating text from the 1913 Catholic Encyclopedia with Wikisource reference, Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the ODNB, Pages containing links to subscription-only content, Wikipedia articles needing page number citations from August 2021, Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the 1911 Encyclopaedia Britannica with Wikisource reference, Short description is different from Wikidata, Wikipedia indefinitely semi-protected pages, Articles with unsourced statements from October 2020, Articles needing additional references from October 2020, All articles needing additional references, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, Katherine (2 February 1503 10 February 1503), This page was last edited on 26 February 2023, at 23:16. Henry VII - History Learning Site And yet this time removed was summer's time, The teeming autumn, big with rich increase, Bearing the wanton burden of the prime, Like widow'd wombs after their lords . She was Edward's heir since the presumed death of her brothers, the Princes in the Tower, King Edward V and Richard of Shrewsbury, Duke of York.

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