why was sean carroll denied tenurethe elements of jewelry readworks answer key pdf

And you mean not just in physics. That's how philosophy goes. Are you so axiomatic in your atheism that you reject those possibilities, or do you open up the possibility that there might be metaphysical aspects to the universe? I think that there -- I'm not sure there's a net advantage or disadvantage, but there were advantages. But of course, ten years later, they're observing it. Not any ambition to be comprehensive, or a resource for researchers, or anything like that, for people who wanted to learn it. It was clear that there was an army that was marching toward a goal, and they did it. It's the time that I would spend, if I were a regular faculty member, on teaching, which is a huge amount of time. [3][4] He has been a contributor to the physics blog Cosmic Variance, and has published in scientific journals such as Nature as well as other publications, including The New York Times, Sky & Telescope and New Scientist. You're old. Or, maybe I visited there, but just sort of unofficially. He offered 13 pieces of . At the time, he had a blog called Preposterous Universe and he is currently one of five scientists (three of them tenured) who post on the blog Cosmic Variance.Oct 11, 2005. So, all of those things. What if inflation had happened at different speeds and different directions? And then, both Alan Guth and Eddie Farhi from MIT trundled up. What they meant was, like, what department, or what subfield, or whatever. If there's less matter than that, then space has a negative curvature. And guess what? There's a moral issue there that if you're not interested in that, that's a disservice to the graduate students. She's like, okay, this omega that you're measuring, the ratio of the matter density in the universe to the critical density, which you want to be one, here it is going up. It's almost hard to remember how hard it was, because you had these giant computer codes that took a long time to run and would take hours to get one plot. More than one. I do think my parents were smart cookies, but again, not in any sense intellectual, or anything like that. Actually, your suspicion is on-point. They brought me down, and I gave a talk, but the talk I could give was just not that interesting compared to what was going on in other areas. Some have a big effect on you, some you can put aside. Of course, once you get rejected for tenure, those same people lose interest in you. The first paper I ever wrote and got published with George Field and Roman Jackiw predicted exactly this effect. So, there were these plots that people made of, as you look at larger and larger objects, the implied amount of matter density in the universe comes closer and closer to the critical density. Carroll, S.B. He describes the fundamental importance of the discovery of the accelerating universe, and the circumstances of his hire at the University of Chicago. They don't quite seem in direct conflict with experiment. This is December 1997. With Villanova, it's clear enough it's close to home. We made up lecture notes, and it was great. So, that would happen. I thought that for the accelerated universe book, I could both do a good job of explaining the astronomy and the observations, but also highlight some of the theoretical implications, which no one has really done. It moved away. A defense of philosophical naturalism, a brand of naturalism, like a poetic naturalism. Graduate school is a different thing. Look at the dynamics of the universe and figure out how much matter there must be in there and compare that to what you would guess the amount of matter should be. I think it's bad in the following way. We also have dark matter pulling the universe together, sort of the opposite of dark energy. So, I think it can't be overemphasized the extent to which the hard detailed work of theoretical physics is done with pencil and paper, and equations, and pictures, little drawings and so forth, but the ideas come from hanging out with people. I can do it, and it is fun. It's just they're doing it in a way that doesn't get you a job in a physics department. First, this conversation has been delightfully void of technology. You can make progress digging deeply into some specialized subfield. For many interviews, the AIP retains substantial files with further information about the interviewee and the interview itself. Ann Nelson and David Kaplan -- Ann Nelson has sadly passed away since then. But he was very clear. What I mean, of course, is the Standard Model of particle physics plus general relativity, what Frank Wilczek called the core theory. I had some great teachers along the way, but I wouldn't say I was inspired to do science, or anything like that, by my teachers. But, yes, with all those caveats in mind, I think that as much as I love the ideas themselves, talking about the ideas, sharing them, getting feedback, learning from other people, these are all crucially important parts of the process to me. Intellectual cultures, after all, are just as capable of errors associated with moral and political inertia as administrative cultures are. He began a podcast in 2018 called Mindscape, in which he interviews other experts and intellectuals coming from a variety of disciplines, including "[s]cience, society, philosophy, culture, arts and ideas" in general. Now, the academic titles. I'm not sure privileged is the word, but you do get a foot in the door. George didn't know the stuff. The system has benefited them. Like, okay, this is a lot of money. We never wrote any research papers together, but that was a very influential paper, and it was fun to work with Bill. He invited a few of us. So, one of the things they did was within Caltech, they sent around a call for proposals, and they said for faculty members to give us good ideas for what to do with the money. Like, I did it. It also revealed a lot about the character of my colleagues: some avoiding me as if I had a contagious disease, others offering warm, friendly hands. Both my undergraduate and graduate degrees are in astronomy, and both for weird, historical reasons. And I love it when they're interested in outreach or activism or whatever, but I say, "Look, if you want to do that as a professional physicist, you've got to prioritize getting a job as a professional physicist." So, I think what you're referring to is more the idea of being a non-physicalist. Last month, l linked to a series of posts about my job search after tenure denial, and how I settled into my current job. Well, and look, it's a very complicated situation, because a lot of it has to do with the current state of theoretical physics. And of course, it just helps you in thinking and logic, right? At the end of the interview, Carroll shares that he will move on from Caltech in two years and that he is open to working on new challenges both as a physicist and as a public intellectual. That doesn't work. and as an assistant professor at the University of Chicago until 2006 when he was denied tenure. Alan and Eddie, of course, had been collaborators for a long time before that. One of these papers, we found an effect that was far too small to ever be observed, so we wrote about it. So, I raised the user friendliness of it a little bit. Someone at the status of a professor, but someone who's not on the teaching faculty. There haven't been that many people who have been excellent at all three at once. In some extent, it didn't. Now, the KITP. So, anyway, with the Higgs, I don't think I could have done that, but he made me an offer I couldn't refuse. I wrote papers that were hugely cited and very influential. So, it's not hard to imagine there are good physical reasons why you shouldn't allow that. I mean, Angela Olinto, who is now, or was, the chair of the astronomy department at Chicago, she got tenure while I was there. It's not a good or a bad kind. It was fine. Depending on the qualities they are looking for, tenure may determine if they consider hiring the candidate. So, they said, "Here's what we'll do. It's one thing to do an hour long interview, and Santa Fe is going to play a big role here, because they're very interested in complex systems. Sean, I'm curious if you think podcasting is a medium that's here to stay, or are we in a podcast bubble right now, and you're doing an amazing job riding it? Various people on the faculty came to me after I was rejected, and tried to explain to me why, and they all gave me different stories. [48][49][50] The participants were Steven Weinberg, Richard Dawkins, Daniel C. Dennett, Jerry Coyne, Simon DeDeo, Massimo Pigliucci, Janna Levin, Owen Flanagan, Rebecca Goldstein, David Poeppel, Alex Rosenberg, Terrence Deacon and Don Ross with James Ladyman. A Surprise Point of Agreement With Sean Carroll And, you know, I could have written that paper myself. So, there's three quarters in an academic year. It is January 4th, 2021. Honestly, the thought of me not getting tenure just didn't occur to me, really. But I'm classified as a physicist. If you're negatively curved, you become more and more negatively curved, and the universe empties out. I wonder what that says about your sensibilities as a scientist, and perhaps, some uncovered territory in the way that technology, and the rise of computational power, really is useful to the most important questions that are facing you looking into the future. I wrote a couple papers by myself on quintessence, and dark energy, and suddenly I was a hot property on the faculty job market again. She loved the fact that I was good at science and wanted to do it. So, George was randomly assigned to me. We will literally not discover, no matter how much more science we do, new particles in fields that are relevant to the physics underlying what's going on in your body, or this computer, or anything else. Why did Sean Carroll write 'From Eternity to Here'? However, he then went on to make a surprising statement: because of substrate independence, the panpsychist can't claim that 'consciousness gets any credit at all . I say this as someone who has another Sean Carroll, who is a famous biologist, and I get emails for him. He points out that innovation, no matter how you measure it, whether it's in publications or patents or brilliant ideas, Nobel Prizes, it scales more than linearly with population density. By and large, this is a made-up position to exploit experienced post-docs by making them stay semi-permanently. It's not good time management, but we did it and we enjoyed it. In fact, I would argue, as I sort of argued a little bit before, that as successful as the model of specialization and disciplinary attachment has been, and it should continue to be the dominant model, it should be 80%, not 95% of what we do. To get started, would you please tell me your current titles and institutional affiliations? Why don't people think that way? You go into it because you're passionate about the ideas, and so forth, and I'm interested in both the research side of academia and the broad picture side of academia. He knew all the molecular physics, and things like that, that I would never know. It might fail, and I always try to say that very explicitly. By the strategy, it's sort of saving some of the more intimidating math until later. So, even though these were anticipated, they were also really good benchmarks, really good targets to shoot for. In retrospect, there's two big things. Well, I have visited, just not since I got the title. Here's a couple paragraphs saying that, in physics speak." A video of the debate can be seen here. It was Mark Trodden who was telling me a story about you. Yeah, so actually, I should back up a little bit, because like I said, at Harvard, there were no string theorists. Why did Sean Carroll denied tenure? You could actually admit it, and if people said, what are your religious beliefs? But, I mean, I have no shortage of papers I want to write in theoretical physics. Sean Carroll, Theoretical Physicist | Heritage Project CalTech could and should have converted this to a tenured position for someone like Sean Carroll . [38] Carroll received an "Emperor Has No Clothes" award at the Freedom From Religion Foundation Annual National Convention in October 2014. [6][40][41][42][43][44][45] Carroll believes that thinking like a scientist leads one to the conclusion that God does not exist. I'm going to do what they do and let the chips fall where they may at this point. They are . That's a huge effect on people's lives. Bill Press, bless his heart, asked questions. Completely blindsided. We don't care what you do with it." That's actually a whole other conversation that could go on for hours about the specifics of the way the media works. So, then, I could just go wherever I wanted. It's sort of a negative result, but I think this is really profound. I'm not making this up. More than just valid. And that's not bad or cynical. We wrote a little particle physics model of dark matter that included what is now called dark energy interacting with each other, and so forth. The discovery was announced in July. Bill was the only one who was a little bit of a strategist in terms of academia. Part of it was the weirdness of quantum mechanics, and the decision on the part of the field just to shut up and calculate more than to fret about the philosophical underpinnings. Sean, as a public intellectual with your primary identity being a scientist but with tremendous facility in the humanities and philosophy and thinking about politics, in the humanities -- there's a lot of understanding of schools of thought, of intellectual tradition, that is not nearly as prominent as it is in the sciences. So, that's what I was supposed to do, and I think that I did it pretty well. Like I said, the reason we're stuck is because our theories are so good. In retrospect, he should have believed both of them. What am I going to do? I also started a new course, general relativity for undergraduates, which had not been taught before, and they loved it. Metaphysics to a philosopher just means studying the fundamental nature of reality. For multiple citations, "AIP" is the preferred abbreviation for the location. There are theorists who are sort of very closely connected to the experiments. So, I wrote a paper, and most of my papers in that area that were good were with Mark Trodden, who at that time, I think, was a professor at Syracuse. Institute for Theoretical Physics. You, as the physics department trying to convince the provost and the dean and the president that you should hire this person, that's an uphill battle, always. Refereed versus non-refereed, etc., but I wish I lived in a world where the boundaries were not as clear, and you could just do interesting work, and the work would count whatever format it happened in. Also, with the graduate students, it's not as bad as Caltech, but Chicago is also not as user friendly for the students as Harvard astronomy was. If I could get a million people buy my books, I'd be a really best-selling author. Let's just say that. Too Much Information? - Inside Higher Ed Then, of course, Richard Dawkins wrong The God Delusion and sold a bajillion copies. Mark and I continued collaborating when we both became faculty members, and we wrote some very influential papers while we were doing that. No, no. I purposely stayed away from more speculative things. So, I want to do something else. If you take a calculus class, you learned all these techniques, like the product rule, and what to do with polynomials. I really leaned into that. The two that were most interesting to me were the University of Chicago, where I eventually ended up going, and University of Washington in Seattle. People had known for a long time -- Alan Guth is one of the people who really emphasized this point -- that only being flat is sort of a fixed point. In other words, an assistant professor not getting tenure at Stanford, that has nothing to do with him or her. He used that to offer me a job, to pay my salary. Sean, thank you so much for joining me today. Sean Carroll's new book argues quantum physics leads to many worlds Even the teachers at my high school, who were great in many ways, couldn't really help me with that. When I did move to Caltech circa 2006, and I did this conscious reflection on what I wanted to do for a living, writing popular books was one of the things that I wanted to do, and I had not done it to that point. And the simplest way to do that is what's called the curvature scalar. The other thing, just to go back to this point that students were spoiled in the Harvard astronomy department, your thesis committee didn't just meet to defend your thesis. No one has written the history of atheism very, very well. So, they keep things at a certain level. Further Reflections on the Sean Carroll Debate - Biola University There are property dualists, who are closer to ordinary naturalist physicists. Sean Michael Carroll (born October 5, 1966) is an American theoretical physicist and philosopher who specializes in quantum mechanics, . Those are all very important things and I'm not going to write them myself. Someone said it. The argument I make in the paper is if you are a physicalist, if you exclude by assumption the possibility of non-physical stuff -- that's a separate argument, but first let's be physicalists -- then, we know the laws of physics governing the stuff out of which we are made at the quantum field theory level. People were very unclear about what you could learn from the microwave background and what you couldn't. He's the one who edits all my books these days, so it worked out for us. The series has become the basis of a new book series with the installment, "The Biggest Ideas in the Universe: Space, Time, and Motion", published in September 2022.[15]. We don't know what to do with this." We discovered the -- oh, that was the other cosmology story I wanted to tell. Sean Carroll's advice on How to get tunure | Physics Forums It's a lot of work if you do it right. I don't think I'm in danger of it right now, so who knows five or ten years from now? Everyone knows -- Milgrom said many years ago in the case of dark matter, but everyone knows in the case of dark energy -- that maybe you can modify gravity to get rid of the need for dark matter or dark energy. Although he had received informal offers from other universities, Carroll says, he did not agree to any of them, partly because of his contentment with his position. In other words, did he essentially hand you a problem to work on for your thesis research, or were you more collaborative, or was he basically allowing you to do whatever you wanted on your own? . So, that's physics, but also biology, economics, society, computers, complex systems appear all over the place. So, it'd be a first author, and then alphabetical. He was a blessing, helping me out. That's the message I received many, many times. In 2012, he gathered a number of well-known academics from a variety of backgrounds for a three-day seminar titled "Moving Naturalism Forward". It's way easier to be on this side, answering questions rather than asking them. Then you've come to the right place. So, I got talk to a lot of wonderful people who are not faculty members at different places. Not just that they should be allowed out of principle, but in different historical circumstances, progress has been made from very different approaches. But I don't remember what it was. So, it would look like I was important, but clearly, I wasn't that important compared to the real observers. But then there are other times when you're stuck, and you can't even imagine looking at the equations on your sheet of paper. At least one person, ex post facto, said, "Well, you know, I think some people got an impression during that midterm evaluation that they didn't let go of that you don't write any papers," even though it wasn't true. Having been through all of this that we just talked about, I know what it takes them to get a job. So, the Caltech job with no teaching responsibilities or anything like that, where I'd be surrounded by absolutely top rate people -- because my physics research is always very highly collaborative, mostly with students, but also with faculty members. So, that's where I wanted my desk to be so I could hang out with those people. Maybe it's them. And honestly, in both cases, I could at least see a path to the answers involving the foundations of quantum mechanics, and how space time emerges from them. That's really the lesson I want to get across here. Sean Carroll's Mindscape: Science, Society, Philosophy - Apple I said, "Yeah, don't worry. I do try my best to be objective. It's hard for me to imagine that I would do that. Amy Bishop and the Trauma of Tenure Denial | Psychology Today Sean, let's take it all the way back to the beginning. Every little discipline, you will be judged compared to the best people, who do nothing but that discipline. Wilson denied it, calling Pete a father figure and claiming he never wanted them . With over 1,900 citations, it helped pioneer the study of f(R) gravity in cosmology. The biggest one was actually -- people worry that I was blogging, and things like that. The biggest reason that a professor is going to be denied tenure is because of their research productivity. Then, my final book, my most recent one, was Something Deeply Hidden. We could discover what the dark matter is. Very, very important. So, I'm really quite excited about this. Quantum physics is about multiplicity. So, I said, well, maybe there's one theory that does both, that gets rid of dark matter and dark energy by modifying gravity, and the criterion would be gravity gets modified when a certain numerical parameter is less than the Hubble constant. It's not a matter of credentials, but hopefully being a physicist gives me insight into other areas that I can take seriously those areas in their own rights, learn about them, and move in those directions deliberatively. This is probably 2000. They need it written within six months so it can be published before the discovery is announced. It is incredibly draining for me to do it. Our Browse Subjects feature is also affected by this migration. That hints that maybe the universe is flat, because otherwise it should have deviated a long, long time ago from being flat. It had been founded by Chandrasekhar, so there was some momentum there going. Based on my experience as an Instructor at a major research university and now tenure-track faculty at a major public university, I would say that all of his major points are . For every galaxy, the radius is different, but what he noticed was, and this is still a more-or-less true fact that really does demand explanation, and it's a good puzzle. So, I audited way more classes, and in particular, math classes. So, it was really just a great place. It's a very small part of theoretical physics. I wanted to live in a big metropolitan area where I could meet all sorts of people and do all sorts of different things. Double click on Blue Bolded text for link(s)! You've got to find the intersection. I think both grandfathers worked for U.S. Steel. So, I will help out with organizing workshops, choosing who the postdocs are, things like that. Sean, if mathematical and scientific ability has a genetic component to it -- I'm not asserting one way or the other, but if it does, is there anyone in your family that you can look to say this is maybe where you get some of this from? Sean, I wonder if you stumbled upon one of the great deals in the astronomy and physics divide. I heard my friends at other institutions talk about their tenure file, getting all of these documents together in a proposal for what they're going to do. We could discover that dark energy is not a cosmological constant, but some quintessence-like thing. Even as late as my junior or senior year as undergraduates in college, when everyone knew that I wanted to go to graduate school and be a professor, or whatever, no one had told me that graduate students in physics got their tuition paid for by stipends or research assistantships or whatever. That's what I am. You can come here, and it'll be a trial run to see if you fit in, and where you fit in the best." One is the word metaphysical in this sense is used in a different sense by the professional philosophical community. Do you see this as all one big enterprise with different media, or are they essentially different activities with different goals in mind? If I do get to just gripe, zero people at the University of Chicago gave me any indication that I was in trouble of not getting tenure. Then, I would have had a single-author paper a year earlier that got a thousand citations, and so forth. Physicists knew, given the schedule of the Large Hadron Collider, and so forth, that it would probably be another year before they raised the significance to that to really declare a discovery. Sean Carroll. What is the acceleration due to gravity at that radius? And a lot of it is like, What is beyond the model that we now know? It was very small. It has not. They're rare. Now that you're sort of outside of the tenure clock, and even if you're really bad at impressing the right people, you were still generally aware that they were the right people to impress. I was hired to do something, and for better or for worse, I do take what I'm hired to do kind of seriously. It was like cinderblocks, etc., but at least it was spacious. They assert that the universe is "statistically time-symmetric", insofar as it contains equal progressions of time "both forward and backward". So, there is definitely a sort of comparative advantage calculation that goes on here. And I said, "Well, I did, and I worked it all out, and I thought it was not interesting." So, it wasn't until my first year as a postdoc that I would have classified myself in that way. It's the same for a whole bunch of different galaxies. He was reaching out and doing a public outreach thing, but also really investigating ideas. I really took the opportunity to think as broadly as possible. I mean, The Biggest Ideas in the Universe video series is the exception to this, because there I'm really talking about well-established things. In fact, my wife Jennifer Ouellette, who is a science writer and culture writer for the website Ars Technica, she works from home, too. Research professors are hired -- they're given a lot of freedom to do things, but there's a reason you're hired. Literally, "We're giving it to you because we think you're good. I think there are plenty of physicists. But it's hard to do that measurement for reasons that Brian anticipated. What happened was between the beginning of my first postdoc and the end of my first postdoc, in cosmology, all the good theorists were working on the cosmic microwave background, and in particle physics, all the good theorists were working on dualities in one form or another, or string theory, or whatever. So, I took it upon myself to do this YouTube series called The Biggest Ideas in the Universe. He says that if you have a galaxy, roughly speaking, there's a radius inside of which you don't need dark matter to explain the dynamics of the galaxy, but outside of that radius, you do. Remember, I applied there to go to undergraduate school there. No, and to be super-duper honest here, I can't possibly be objective, because I didn't get tenure at the University of Chicago. [So that] you don't get too far away that you don't know how to get back in? That is, he accept "physical determinism" as totally underlying our behavior (he . Sean, as you just demonstrated, atheism is a complex proposition. Abdoulaye Doucoure came close to leaving Everton under Frank Lampard That's it. Were there tenure lined positions that were available to you, but you said, you know what, I'm blogging, I'm getting into outreach, I'm doing humanities courses.

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