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The mascot for Brazil 2014 - the animated armadillo Fuleco - is set to make Fifa millions. This mammal is a native of the Dry Chaco region. The Brazilian three-banded armadilloone of just two armadillo species that can roll into a complete ballwas thought to be extinct until it was rediscovered in the 1990s. Brazilian Three-banded Armadillo (Tolypeutes tricinctus) | U.S. Fish They also eat carrions. Freely accessible to everyone, over half a million people every month, from over 200 countries, used Arkive to learn and discover the wonders of the natural world. The southern three-banded armadillo and the other member of the genus Tolypeutes, the Brazilian three-banded armadillo, are the only species of armadillos capable of rolling into a complete ball to defend themselves (volvation). 222,360. Bees, Mammals of the World: Three-Banded Armadillo, Diggers in the Dark: Discovering Giant Armadillos in Brazils Pantanal, Four minutes of an armadillo digging a hole. the Brazilian three . Ask students what the word pest means to farmers. They find food by shuffling slowly along with their nose to the ground. 12-19 yrs. In the American Midwest, many animals might dig in fields to create holes or dens to live in. Nowark (1991) describes it as distributed in Bolivia and northern Chile.A recent publication of Pacheco (1995) also locates the species in the Puno Region of Peru.This species is also thought to be present in . It has suffered a 30% decline in population in the last 10 years. Registration for Better World Day is now open! But its different from a seashell or a tortoise shell. These agronomists might take random samples to test. Join us at the Square Club for an evening of drinks and meeting new and familiar faces working in the natural history industry. With the help of over 7,000 of the worlds best wildlife filmmakers and photographers, conservationists and scientists, Arkive.org featured multi-media fact-files for more than 16,000 endangered species. This higher capacity for thermoregulation allows them to survive in climates too arid for some of the other armadillo species. This armor covers the back of the animal and also sides, head, tail, ears, and outside surfaces of the legs. An armadillo's shell is made up of bony plates covered by thick, hard skin. Nowak, R.M. The Brazilian three-banded armadillo Tolypeutes tricinctus in Maranho. 2. The word armadillo means "little armored one" in Spanish. The Brazilian three-banded armadillo (Tolypeutes tricinctus) is an armadillo species endemic to eastern Brazil, where it is known as tatu-bola (Portuguese pronunciation: [ttu bl], lit. When foraging these Southern armadillos use their strong legs and large claws. After the time has elapsed, have each group identify a speaker. They walk the field in an orderly way and then might take a sample every 100 feet or some other regular interval. Brazilian three-banded armadillo | IUCN SSC Anteater, Sloth and To continue using this site and its features, you will need to use a newer browser. The young armadillo is weaned at 10 weeks and reaches sexual maturity at 912 months. But South American farmers have to deal with a pest that we do not have in Iowa. Conclude by reminding students that engineers solve problems through the applications of science and math. After 5 minutes of work time, reveal to the students that they cannot kill the armadillos OR significantly alter the ecosystem (i.e. The Brazilian three-banded armadillo was once known as 'kwaru' in the extinct Huamo language of the Serra Negra in Pernambuco State, Brazil, and as kk in the extinct Kambiw language of Barreira, Petrolndia, Pernambuco. Southern three-banded armadillos are generally solitary creatures. Agriculture and farming are rarely smooth sailing. Gallery Real Life stated in. Common corn pests in Iowa include weeds (thistle, bindweed, curly dock, etc) insects (cutworms, corn ear worms, Japanese beetles), and diseases (leaf blight, rust, etc.). The Brazilian three-banded armadillo is an armadillo species endemic to eastern Brazil, where it is known as tatu-bola. Invertebrates -Animals with no backbone. Introduce to students to the Brazilian armadillo problem: Explain that fieldcornis also grown in South American countries like Brazil and Argentina. The Brazilian Three-Banded Armadillo is the 12th species in my Mammals of the World series.Please watch to the end for the credits. They weigh 11.6 kg (2.23.5 lb). La Plata three-banded armadillo | Smithsonian's National Zoo This mammal is a native of the Dry Chaco region. Population numbers may be decreasing due to the destruction of their natural habitat across South America. They have three bands that cover the back of the animal, its tail and head together. To do this, farmers need to drive the tractor and planter back and forth across the field in an orderly fashion. Individuals can grow to 300 mm. Unlike most armadillos, they are not fossorial, they do not dig their own burrows. The pup is the first healthy armadillo pup born at Point Defiance Zoo & Aquarium in its 116-year history. Armadillos are native to Brazil and Argentina and are known for digging holes and dens in the same fields that farmers plant. After the gestation period of 120 days, the female gives birth to a single, blind offspring. Unlike most armadillos, they are not fossorial, but will use abandoned giant anteater burrows. Brazilian three-banded armadillo [1] Tolypeutes tricinctus flood the filed, burn the field, etc.). It is one of two species which can roll into a ball. Join our membership community for the natural world storytelling industry. To learn more about conservation initiatives within the Brazilian three-banded armadillos habitat visit: Endemic -A species or taxonomic group that is only found in one particular country or geographic area. Brazilian Three-Banded Armadillo - Facts, Diet, Habitat - Animalia In this activity, students will explore a real-world challenge engineers are trying to tackle and will design their own solutions. Brazilian three-banded armadillo - Wikidata They live in open, grassy areas, open forests and marshes. When they are not foraging, they move with a sort of trot, bouncing on the tips of their front toes, while their hind feet slap flatly on the ground. Description. The range of La Plata three-banded armadillos includes parts of Bolivia, Brazil, Paraguay and Argentina. Receive news, updates, and more by joining our mailing list and connecting with us on social media. Pests include insects, animals, weeds, fungi, and diseases. Southern Three-Banded Armadillo - Facts, Diet, Habitat - Animalia It is usually the six-banded armadillo, giant armadillo, or another digging species of armadillos that is causing problems for Brazilian and Argentinian farmers. Mammals of the World: Brazilian Three-Banded Armadillo It then curls its tail beside the head and pulls in tight. Specially selected from Wildscreen Festivals 2022 Official Selection, including talks with filmmakers, conservationists and Q&A sessions! Types of Armadillos (5 Pictures, Descriptions, Facts, Video) Wildscreen Festival is our world-leading international festival, held biennially, which celebrates and advances natural world storytelling. Northern Naked-Tailed Armadillo (Cabassous centralis) Chacoan Naked-Tailed Armadillo (Cabassous chacoensis) Greater Naked-Tailed Armadillo (Cabassous tatouay) Southern Naked-Tailed Armadillo (Cabassous unicinctus) Greater . The Brazilian three-banded armadillo (Tolypeutes tricinctus ) is an armadillo species endemic to eastern Brazil, where it is known as tatu-bola (Portuguese pronunciation:, lit. It is one of only two species of armadillo that can roll into a ball (the other is the southern three . Pink Fairy Armadillo. As Outreach and Sustainability Coordinator, I work hard to develop and deliver charitable programs which , UK, 9th February: Returning to the city for the first time since 2016, Glasgow will host the first ever Wildscreen Roadshow event, a , 1. Six-banded Armadillo. The Basics. It has been recommended that reintroduction programs be implemented to restore this species to areas of its former range, along with the provision of educational materials to highlight its plight and reduce hunting pressure (3). One species, the Brazilian three-banded armadillo, rolls itself into a ball when threatened. Therefore, a very hard decision was made to take the www.arkive.org website offline in February 2019. What other animals might be considered pests to farmers (in the U.S. or elsewhere)? This allows it to protect its underbelly, limbs, eyes, nose and ears from predators. The genus Tolypeutes, which includes both the Brazilian and southern species of three-banded armadillos, is unique in the ability to roll up in a tight, almost impenetrable ball. This way they protect themselves. Females give birth to a single pup. When threatened, they occasionally do not seal their armor completely, but wait until they are touched. If the holes are big or if there is an underground animal den, the soil could collapse into a sink hole. Armadillo Animal Facts | Dasypodidae - AZ Animals That's not true of the nine-banded armadillo found in Texas and throughout the southern United . This maximizes the area of ground that has been planted and ensures that the ground isnt overlapped and planted more than once. 2. That could be the best goal scored this Cup. ADW: Tolypeutes tricinctus: CLASSIFICATION Brazilian three-banded armadillo (Tolypeutes tricinctus), Natural History Museum, London, Mammals Gallery.JPG 4,016 3,128; 4.46 MB. But it's different from a seashell or a tortoise shell. Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (Third edition), Wrterbuch der Sugetiernamen - Dictionary of Mammal Names, The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2022.2, Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera, Taxonomy database of the U.S. National Center for Biotechnology Information, Kintaaanh Dine Bikyahd ktsin dijoolg, https://www.wikidata.org/w/index.php?title=Q111846&oldid=1828530203, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Macdonald, D.W. (2006)The Encyclopedia of Mammals. LiDAR (light and radar): looks for bare spots in the field where plants arent growing (like above an armadillo den), Build a barrier (fence) size, price, labor. stated in. This species can be distinguished by its blackish-brown armour plating, which covers the body, head and tail. 1. It is one of only two species of three-banded armadillos (the other is the southern three-banded armadillo) that can roll into a ball. When it detects prey, it frantically digs a hole and thrust its nose into it, using its long, sticky tongue to lap up any insects it may find. Brazilian Three banded armadillo , aka Tatu-Bola in Portuguese stands next to a football, on September 18 in Rio de Janeiro. Like most armadillos, the southern three-banded is covered in plates of leathery armor that protect it from predators. Brazilian 3- banded armadillos are most famous as being the 2014 FIFA World cup mascot, but they are also amazing creatures with unique adaptations and back. Name. Armadillo Defenses | HowStuffWorks Armadillo - Facts and Beyond | Biology Dictionary Andean hairy armadillo - Wikiwand Nine-banded Armadillo is a generalist when considering its feeding habits. The IUCN Red List and other sources do not provide the Southern three-banded armadillo total population size. Brazilian Three-banded armadillo from the IUCN Red List and protect thousands of hectares of its habitat. They are largely nocturnal, but have been known to forage during the day. The Brazilian three-banded armadillo is . Diet. One of the easiest ways that anyone can support bird habitat conservation is by buying duck stamps. Fun Southern Three-banded Armadillo Facts For Kids | Kidadl Armadillo - Scientific Name, Diet, Habitat, Behaviour, and Predators OSLO, June 12 (Reuters) - The armadillo, mascot of the FIFA World Cup, is threatened with extinction in the wild because of hunting, loss of habitat and even from the soccer tournament itself, scientists said on Thursday. Edentata 3: 11-13. 300 seconds. The Caatinga Association, a Brazilian environmental NGO, launched in January 2012 a national campaign proposing the three-banded armadillo to become mascot of the 2014 FIFA World Cup hosted by Brazil. Some of them come from below. Armadillo - ZooBorns Its armor is composed of ossified dermal scutes covered by nonoverlapping, keratinized epidermal scales, which are connected by flexible bands of skin. The armor hardens by the third or fourth week, around the same time the eyes and earflaps open. Meet Millie Our Events & Festival Manager. This page was last edited on 6 January 2019, at 13:03. They are among the smaller armadillos, with a head-and-body length of about 22 to 27cm (8.7 to 10.6in) and a weight between 1 and 1.6kg (2.2 and 3.5lb). Scientific Name. Other distinctive features of the Brazilian three-banded armadillo are the second, third and fourth toes of the hind feet, which are fused into a hoof-like claw. So, Im the Events and Festival manager at Wildscreen. Little is known about the mating system and reproductive behavior of Southern three-banded armadillos. The shell covering its body is armored and the outer layer is made out of keratin. Tractors driving across the field might also be damaged. It is uncertain if this species is found in any protected areas, although it hoped that a population might occur in Grande Serto Veredas National Park in northern Minas Gerais (1). It has suffered a 30% decline in population in the last 10 years. As its name suggests, the Brazilian three-banded armadillo is indigenous to Brazil, living primarily in the eastern part of the country, just south of the equator. Edentata 2: 18-19 . It is found in parts of southwestern Brazil, northern Argentina, Paraguay and Bolivia, at elevations from sea level to 770m (2,530ft). Identification Numbers. This event is supported by Screen Scotland and sponsored by Save our Seas Foundation. Zoology - The Cerrado - Brazil's Savanna - Weebly All armadillos are spectacular diggers, but unlike most of the other species, three-banded armadillos do not dig in defense or to find shelter. Body heat/temperature sensors from drones can tell where the armadillos are, but not where they have been looking for food. 22-27 cm. With the help of over 7,000 of the world's best wildlife filmmakers and photographers, conservationists and scientists, Arkive.org featured multi-media fact-files for more than 16,000 endangered species. Each hose delivers a seed down to the ground. Pichi. Both regions have well defined dry and wet seasons (3)(4). Brazil's World Cup mascot under threat: nature watchdog - Phys.org 17 February . Brazilian Three-Banded Armadillo on Wikipedia -, 2. A three-banded armadillo uses its long, sharp front claws to dig into termite mounds to feast on the insects inside. Brazilian three-banded armadillo biology. three-banded armadillo - TheFreeDictionary.com The smallest armadillo, the pink fairy armadillo or pichiciego (Chlamyphorus truncatus), found in Argentina, is approximately 90-115 millimeters (3.5-4.5 inches) long excluding the tail. In South America, they are mainly found in the countries of Argentina, Brazil, Bolivia, and Paraguay. Owing to its scarcity, relatively little is known about the biology of the Brazilian three-banded armadillo (2). Consider Elephants vs. You can eat . Only one species, the nine-banded armadillo (Dasypus novemcinctus), is found in the United States. Tell us a bit about your role! They are grown together and have a thick claw. I manage the events programme so . By making a donation to IALF, you will help educate Iowas future consumers, voters and leaders about the importance of the Iowa agriculture industry. It has suffered a 30% decline in population in the last 10 years. Be sure to challenge their thinking by asking good questions like: If we are talking about hundreds or thousands of acres and an acre is about the size of a football field, how much do you think your solution would cost to implement? They dont need to know the answers, but they should think critically and try to articulate how they would approach answering the question or mitigating the challenge. Not all challenges in agriculture are obvious. . The Brazilian three-banded armadillo ( Tolypeutes tricinctus ) is an armadillo species endemic to eastern Brazil, where it is known as tatu-bola (Portuguese pronunciation: , lit. Armadillo holes and dens are very random and farmers don't always know where in the field the holes and dens are. There's actually another species cabaple to do so, the southern three-banded armadillo, see in the attached source-link. Brazilian Three-banded Armadillo - Encyclopedia of Life The southern three-banded armadillo (Tolypeutes matacus), also known as La Plata three-banded armadillo or Azara's domed armadillo, is an armadillo species from South America. University of Chicago Press, Chicago. The Dry Chaco is a natural region that is divided among the eastern regions of Bolivia, the western parts . Planters can be calibrated to plant seeds at a certain depth in the soil and with specific spacings between the seeds. TV Shows. Will this solution address all five species of armadillos or only one? three-banded armadillo | mammal | Britannica There are 20 species of armadillos in the Americas and five of those species can be found in Brazil and Argentina. Write a paper, create a video, or develop a poster to identify one or more risks and how farmers can mitigate the risks or otherwise protect themselves. Brazilian Three-Banded Armadillos defend themselves by rolling into a ball . As the tractor pulls the planter across the field, the planter creates a seedbed, delivers the seed to the ground and then closes the seedbed by covering it with soil. Armadillo Diet The three-banded armadillo is considered a vulnerable species from the IUCN Red List ( http://www.iucnredlist.org/). When they are not foraging, they move with a sort of trot, bouncing on the tips of their front toes, while their hind feet slap flatly on the ground. Tolypeutinae: pictures (10) Tolypeutinae: specimens (6) Genus Tolypeutes three-banded armadillos. This year marked the Festivals 40th birthday and the first ever hybrid edition. The young armadillo is weaned at 10 weeks and becomes reproductively mature at 9-12 months of age. Order duplicate certificates and trophies for the rest of your team before Fri 28 Oct. It feeds on termites, arachnids, ants, earthworms, millipedes, grasshoppers, and centipedes. - Wikipedia As armadillo populations continue to increase, they dig new holes and make new dens to live in. It is found in parts of southwestern Brazil, northern Argentina, Paraguay and Bolivia, at elevations from sea level to 770 m (2,530 ft). Source: Arkive Intended Audience: General Reading Level: Middle School . If a predator puts a paw or nose into that space to try to pry the armadillo open, the little animal slams its shell shutouch! When a frightened three-banded armadillo curls up into a ball, it often leaves a space open. Southern Three-Banded Armadillo on The IUCN Red List site -, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Southern_three-banded_armadillo, https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/21974/47443233. By Alister Doyle, Environment Correspondent. Currently, this species is classified as Vulnerable (VU) on the IUCN Red List and its numbers today are decreasing. It is one of the largest armadillo species, with an average size of 83 to 106 cm (33 to 42 in) from head to tail and a weight of about 10.5 kg (23 lb). IUCN Red List of Threatened Species is a trade mark of IUCN, International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources. Will Fett, Iowa Agriculture Literacy Foundation Val Bayes, Monsanto. Brazilian three-banded armadillos have a head-and-body length of about 22 to 27 cm (8.7 to 10.6 in) and the tail is between 6 and 8 cm (2.4 and 3.1 in) long. How can we get rid of the holes? Help us create a world where natural world storytelling is inclusive, accessible and impactful and where nature is protected and thriving. When holes are dug into terraces, it provides a path for water to flow and will eventually erode the terrace. These flexible regions allow the Brazilian three-banded armadillo to roll into a ball, thereby protecting its vulnerable underparts. an armadillo's shell is as hard as steel. There is an abundance of cactus-like plants in the northern reaches of its range. Join the Wildscreen Team in the Terrace Bar at Saramago and meet new faces working in the natural world storytelling industry. 158-168. de Oliveira, T.G. S. Screaming Hairy Armadillo. The total length of an armadillo is 11-13.7 in (28-35 cm) with a tail length of 2.4-3 in (6-8 cm), and are 3.9-5.9 in (10-15 cm) tall. In addition, its habitat has been degraded and destroyed by expanding agriculture, mining and charcoal harvesting (2). Tolypeutes tricinctus; hromves tatu; Tolypeutes tricinctus; Tolypeutes tricinctus; armadillo de tres bandes brasiler; Nrdliches Kugelgrteltier; Tolypeutes tricinctus; ; ; Tolypeutes tricinctus; ; Tolypeutes tricinctus; ; - ; Tolypeutes tricinctus; Warkundol (Tolypeutes tricinctus); ; ; psovec tps; Tolypeutes tricinctus; Tolypeutes tricinctus; Tolypeutes tricinctus; Tolypeutes tricinctus; Armadailn trbhandach Brasaleach; Tolypeutes tricinctus; Kintaaanh Dine Bikyahd ktsin dijoolg; Brazilian three-banded armadillo; ; Tatu-bola; Tatu-bola-da-caatinga; Tolypeutes tricinctus; Bolita brazylijska; - ; quraql zirehli; Tolypeutes tricinctus; Tolypeutes tricinctus; Driebandgordeldier; ; Tolypeutes tricinctus; ; Tatou teir roudenn Brazil; Tolypeutes tricinctus; especie de mamfero; ; emlsfaj; especie de mamferu; Art der Gattung Kugelgrteltiere (Tolypeutes); loi ng vt c v; speiceas mamach; ; ; ; pattedyrart; ; soort uit het geslacht Tolypeutes; ; espce de mammifres; specie di animale della famiglia Dasypodidae; pattedyrart; species of mammal; ; druh savce z du chudozub; ; Bolita; Tatou trois bandes du Brsil; Bolita; Tolypeutes tricinctus; Pancernik kulowaty; Tolypeutes tricinctus; Tolypeutes tricinctus; Brasilianisches Dreibinden-Grteltier; Kugelgrteltier; Tolypeutes tricinctus; apar; apara; tatu-bola; tatuapara; Tolypeutes tricinctus; Tolypeutes tricinctus; Tolypeutes tricinctus; Tolypeutes tricinctus, Brazilian three-banded armadillo, Brazilian Three-banded Armadillo, Kugelgrteltier, Nrdliches Kugelgrteltier, Brasilianisches Dreibinden-Grteltier, Kintaaanh Dine Bikyahd ktsin dijoolg, edit wikidata 'Brazilian three-banded armadillo', Mammal Species of the World (v3, 2005) link, Brazilian three-banded armadillo (Tolypeutes tricinctus) 2, Natural History Museum, London, Mammals Gallery.JPG, Brazilian three-banded armadillo (Tolypeutes tricinctus), Natural History Museum, London, Mammals Gallery.JPG, Brazilian Three-banded Armadillo area.png, Cambridge Natural History Mammalia Fig 103.jpg, Meyers grosses Konversations-Lexikon - ein Nachschlagewerk des allgemeinen Wissens (1908) (14776036511).jpg, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Tolypeutes_tricinctus&oldid=333695572, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. BOLD Systems taxon ID. Young are born blind but quickly develop and learn to close their shells and walk. In South America, one prevalent pest in corn and soybean fields are armadillos. Today, were going to talk about the problems armadillos cause for farmers in South America, and its going to be your job to find solutions to those problems. Category:Xenarthrans | NatureRules1 Wiki | Fandom 0 references. Because agronomists walk across the field, they have the potential of stepping into holes and twisting an ankle, breaking their leg, or otherwise injure themselves. One species, the nine-banded armadillo, is also found in the United States as far west as eastern New Mexico and as far north as southern Nebraska. The Brazilian three-banded armadillo has a head-body length of 23-25 cm and weight around 1-1.8 kg. Sexual maturity is reached at around 9 to 12 months (2). Animalia. Southern three-banded armadillo / La Plata three-banded armadillo / Azara's domed armadillo rolled up into a ball to sleep. Vulnerable. Armadillos | IUCN SSC Anteater, Sloth and Armadillo Specialist Group This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. When the field is bare, it is easy to mark holes or other obstacles with temporary flags or other markers. In captivity, armadillos also eat foods such as fruits and vegetables. The unique ability of Brazilian three-banded armadillos to roll up in a tight, almost impenetrable ball is possible due their slightly looser armor than that of other armadillo genera, which allows for greater freedom of movement. The Brazilian three-banded armadillo is endemic to Brazil, where it is known as tatu-bola. Explain that the seed company has not solved the problem yet because it is so complex. Brazilian Three-banded Armadillo | Animal Database | Fandom Until the 1990s, the species was . They have a keen sense of smell but poor eyesight, which is common among animals that dig in the dirt. Ticket registration closes at 17:30pm on the day of the event. Marinho-Filho, J., Guimares, M.M., Reis, M.L., Rodrigues, F.H.G., Torres, O. and de Almeida, G. (1997) The discovery of the Brazilian three-banded armadillo in the Cerrado of Central Brazil. By: Fred Furtado. EL Education inspires and empowers teachers to unleash the potential of their students. Footer Menu . Skunks, badgers, foxes, opossums, raccoons, and coyotes might all dig holes in field terraces. 6. Refer to the image attributions here-Image Credits. 1. the scurrying of an armadillo sounds like a tank rolling over land. They eat grubs and insects, small reptiles, worms, and sometimes plants. The underside of the body and the inner surfaces of the legs have no armored protection, and are covered instead by long, coarse hair. When threatened, they occasionally do not seal their armor completely but wait until they are touched. Allow each group to present their solutions to the class. The forefeet toes are seperated and have 4 claws. The main staples of its diet are ants and termites, which it can smell through up to 20 centimeters of soil. After hearing all of the presentations and hearing about the solutions that the engineers came up with, have students vote on which solution they think will work best. Pheromones good smells to draw them out of the field or bad smells to repel them from the field. An armadillos shell is made up of bony plates covered by thick, hard skin. One challenge in farming is pests. They mark their territories with secretions from glands on their face, feet, and rump. Currently, this species is classified as Near Threatend (NT) on the IUCN Red List and its numbers today are decreasing. The Tatu-Bola was chosen as the mascot of the FIFA World Cup Brazil 2014 and will be presented next September 16 during a television programme. Nowark describes it as distributed in Bolivia and northern Chile. The loose armor also creates a layer of air between the shell and the body, which insulates the animal. The Brazilian three-banded armadillo occurs in two distinct regional ecosystems, the Cerrado region in central Brazil, characterised by savanna and dry-forest (3) ; and the Caatinga region in north-east Brazil, characterised by dry shrubland and thorn forest (4). This species is also thought to be present in northern Argentina. The three characteristic bands that cover the back of the animal allow it enough flexibility to fit its tail and head together, allowing it to protect its underbelly, limbs, eyes, nose and ears from predators.

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